Until the twentieth century communication was almost exclusively with words. While the language level is not the same for all, there was a relationship of equality between the transmitter and receiver which also had the same weapons, which could oppose a speech that he was receiving. But it has long since learned to be wary of words. St. Thomas ( I believe what I see ) opens the vision of truth as synonymous with the word is always suspect, the source of lying, creed, deception. The oral confirmation request, approval, it makes him some religious debate and even prefer silence.
The twentieth century will be that of information and image, the second giving the first and the credit strength that was missing to reach the greatest number. If we can oppose other words to words, we can not object to images. The image remains in the minds of a portion of reality that is not negotiable, some truth which sociologists say, at the end of the twentieth century, a non-image information is not. Not only because of the attractiveness iconic but largely because of the probability of truth that emerges. A newspaper People would not be salable without four-color glossy. Once we knew how to print photographs, drawing and painting have lost their informational value to become subjective documentation that did more to positivism in vogue.
Only in the second half of the century we noticed side forger images. First, by exposing the photo-montages like those communist countries that are still famous. Then discoursing comment on the addition of Chris Marker's Letter from Siberia in (1958) showed that the same images, with different words could be interpreted in diametrically opposite. Finally by analyzing the assembly that can quickly assimilate a forgery as evidenced by the vox example.
The image of slow transition to universal truth possible interpretation subjective.
same time, the information in the century turns into communication. Domenach said in 1950: "It is becoming increasingly difficult to separate the political propaganda of information. " The second part of XX marks the end of investigative journalism (the month in France) and the development of journalism opinions. Two main reasons: the first is financial - you can not use a full-time journalist on a search of several months with a random result. The second is practical - all media agencies are subscribers to the same information and thus receive the same news. The journalist becomes the commentator of an event for which he will take sides and engage even more without too check his sources, resulting in the collective excesses remained famous. Rest for the image to prove the correctness of the analysis: I tell the truth, as seen in the photo.
The end of the twentieth century marked a shift key for the image and backlash for information. The roles of receiver and transmitter, immutable until then, come to be interchanged. The majority of scoops today are made by amateurs, since the planes hitting the Twin Towers to the torture of U.S. prisons in Iraq. The citizen is provided with a permanent recording of images that can be activated without being noticed. The internet, it receives the information at the same time as the editorial offices of newspapers. It can immediately comment on his blog and the journalistic community no longer has a monopoly on distribution. Over the Internet gives access to image banks online. The consumer in turn becomes producer and distributor of text files.
The image is a trace but a series of calculations and the user, provided an editor, carries a photograph is essentially a manufactured product. We are far from "it was" Barthes, the imprint of a reality. The picture should soon lose the link that attaches to the notion of undeniable truth. The public should get out of "illiteracy iconic", repeating the words of Derrida, to realize that the image follows a series of codes which he knew so far use. The digital technology challenge for every day Labour semiologists Sixties who saw in the comics, movies, photo story a new language. Close-ups, traveling, zooming and other cast not even notice it more when they are undergoing a different meaning when used: they raise questions and we understand that their use is not accidental.
To summarize, the photographic image is losing the attribute that has made its success throughout the twentieth century: the indisputable proof. In turn the media, denied that argument, as the exclusivity of information, one just has to raise debates by giving receivers a role of casual players. This can be seen everywhere today: an article online is inconceivable without further comment, the televised debates give voice to the audience attending the show, if not to viewers who are involved since their offices, filming himself with their Webcams. The information is interspersed with interviews of citizens whose names are mentioned qualities and bottom of the screen: Michel X survivor, Marie Y tourist. The process is however often perverse and strongly resembles the demagoguery: it is to believe that this is not the medium that expresses an opinion but the public itself, as if there was a consensus that nothing can be objected since it proclaims majority ... but concealing that there is a prior installation that television runs today in a proportion of 40 hours for 1 hour program disseminated. 
For the image as for information, the combination of digital and Internet will inevitably lead to a redistribution of roles which is not yet very clearly defined but which certainly will lead to rethinking the whole media system if it wants to avoid the wreck, as now that suffered by the newspapers and in the longer term, the generalist TV channels. Do not forget that the average internet (nearly half the French population) is now able, at least technically, to produce the services that had hitherto media monopoly: comment on current events in illustrating it with archive footage (as seen on Agoravox) offer interactive entertainment, creating his own group relations brief communication. Thereby competing directly with the media more and more inclined to forget their informative role.
Illustration: Top - Abu Ghraib image taken by an amateur and broadcast on the Net.
Netherlands - Photo of grave that has recently tried to pass off the disaster of Hiroshima ( the World) and who reveal a view of the Kanto earthquake in 1923
This article is Online Yahoo News and Agoravox
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